Ancestral Genetic Testing
Ancestral genetic testing is a test that analyzes DNA to determine one's ancestry and genetic roots. The test looks for specific genetic markers to reveal the region from which your ancestors came and what ethnic background they have. It is also useful in identifying distant relatives and creating a family tree. In most cases, Y-chromosome (paternal) and mitochondrial DNA (maternal) are analyzed.
Japanese ancestry is genetically influenced by various regions of Asia. In particular, many Japanese have genes from people who migrated from Northeast and Southeast Asia. Specifically, they have a mixture of genes from the Yayoi period, when they brought rice cultivation with them (immigrants from the Korean Peninsula), and from the Jomon period, when they were indigenous peoples. Recent studies have also identified influences from Siberia and Central Asia.
This section describes the procedures and methods of ancestry gene testing. A typical ancestry gene test consists of the following steps:
1. Sample collection
The test requires a sample containing DNA, such as saliva or cells from the inside of the cheek. Samples are collected using a test kit in the following manner
- Saliva sample: Collect saliva in a small container.
- Inner cheek cells (oral swab ): cells are collected by rubbing the inside of the cheek with a cotton swab-like tool.
2. Sending samples
The sample is mailed to the designated laboratory. Most test kits include a return envelope for easy mailing.
3. DNA extraction and analysis
Once the sample arrives at the lab, the DNA is analyzed according to the following procedure.
- DNA Extraction: DNA is extracted from the sample. DNA extracted from saliva or cells is amplified and processed for analysis.
- Analysis of Genetic Markers: We look for specific genetic markers in the Y chromosome (paternal), mitochondrial DNA (maternal), and autosomal DNA. This allows us to determine the region from which our ancestors came.
4. Data analysis and comparison
The analyzed DNA data will be compared to other samples in existing databases. This allows us to determine an individual's genetic roots, ethnic background, and distant relatives. It is also possible to infer in which region an ancestor lived several generations ago.
5. Reporting of results
Once the DNA analysis is complete, the results are reported. In most cases, this will include the following information
- Percentage of ethnic background: for example, 50% European, 30% Asian, 20% African, etc.
- Geographic Roots: Sometimes a map will show from which region an ancestor came.
- Relative Identification: If distant relatives are listed in the same database, a kinship may be indicated.
- Family tree data: You can also get clues to create your own family tree.
Thus, the ancestry genetic testing procedure flows from simple sample collection through advanced DNA analysis to explore an individual's roots and genetic background.