What are neoantigens?

Neoantigens are antigens derived from new proteins that are specifically expressed in cancer cells. They are not present in normal cells and appear as part of abnormal proteins that arise from genetic mutations in cancer cells. Because neoantigens are present only in cancer cells, they are recognized as "foreign" by the immune system and may cause an immune response.

Characteristics of Neoantigens
Cell specificity: Neoantigens are generated by genetic mutations specific to cancer cells and are not present in normal cells. This makes them easier for the immune system to target, and they play an important role in cancer immunotherapy.

Individualized targeting: Neoantigens are generated based on genetic mutations that are unique to each patient, and therefore have a unique profile for each patient, allowing for personalized immunotherapy.

Triggering an immune response: Neoantigens are new to the immune system and can trigger a strong immune response, triggering T cells to recognize them and attack cancer cells.

Use of Neoantigens
Vaccines: Development of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines is underway, with the aim of activating the patient's immune system and targeting cancer cells.

T cell therapy: Research is being conducted on a treatment (T cell receptor (TCR) therapy) in which T cells that recognize neoantigens are multiplied outside the body and then returned to the body to attack cancer cells.

Summary
Neoantigens are antigens that are specifically expressed on cancer cells, and are a "new" target for the immune system. By utilizing this, the possibility of personalized immunotherapy for cancer is expanding, and it is expected that treatment will progress.